![]() ![]() Intensification of taxation caused an aggravation of the fiscal burden. Extraordinary aids were more frequently requested and conceded and assumed a more regular character. ![]() They functioned as eye openers for the necessity of changes and improved control of state expenditure. The Burgundian occupations (1473-92) confronted the duchy with administrative, juridical and financial novelties. Gradually the ducal finances developed into public finances, although private and public finances for a long time remained connected with each other. Direct taxation by way of levying extraordinary 'aids' was used as a means towards new revenues. Foundations were laid for a reorganization of government and financial administration. ![]() De Geldersen stonden in de vijftiende en zestiende eeuw te boek als boers, barbaars. Moreover, the first signs of the town's involvement in governmental affairs broke through and formed an important impulse to the development of a political representation of estates. Read reviews from world’s largest community for readers. As a consequence of Flemish tutelage at the end of the thirteenth century the process of transformation from demesne authority into a territorial authority in Guelders accelerated. ![]()
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